Title NEDOSTATAK S-ADENOZILHOMOCISTEIN HIDROLAZE: MOLEKULARNI MEHANIZMI NOVOG OBOLJENJA
Title (english) S-ADENOSYLHOMOCYSTEINE HYDROLASE DEFICIENCY: MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF NOVEL DISORDER
Author Lucija Kovačević
Mentor Oliver Vugrek (mentor)
Mentor Igor Jurak (komentor)
Committee member Ivana Munitić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Anđelka Radojčić Badovinac (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Jadranka Varljen (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Rijeka (Faculty of Biotechnology and Drug Development) Rijeka
Defense date and country 2017, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES Biotechnology Molecular Biotechnology
Universal decimal classification (UDC ) 577 - Biochemistry. Molecular biology. Biophysics
Abstract Uvod i cilj
Nedostatak S-adenozilhomocistein hidrolaze (AHCY) je poremećaj uzrokovan mutacijama u genu ahcy čime je smanjena aktivnost proteina AHCY. AHCY ima ključnu ulogu u pravilnom odvijanju ciklusa aminokiseline metionina u stanici, stoga nedostatak njegove funkcije uzrokuje težak metabolički poremećaj. Kao jedini enzim koji hidrolizira SAH, snažni inhibitor staničnih metiltrasferaza, AHCY ima i indirektnu ulogu u održavanju metilacijskog statusa stanice. Klinička slika ovog potencijalno letalnog oboljenja je karakterizirana kombinacijom mišićnih, neuroloških i jetrenih poremećaja. Unatoč dokazanoj esencijalnosti AHCY, promjene u molekularnim mehanizmima stanice u stanju nedostatka AHCY su dosada nedovoljno istražene. Cilj ove doktorske disertacije je analiza i razumijevanje molekularnih i staničnih uloga AHCY s krajnjom svrhom probira potecijalnih biomarkera oboljenja.
Materijali i metode
U sklopu ove disertacije su rađene studije novootkrivene Y328D mutante potvrđene u pacijentici oboljeloj od nedostaka funkcije AHCY, a za dodatna istraživanja na raspolaganju su bili i primarni fibroblasti pacijentice. Zbog ograničenja u radu s primarnim fibroblastima, tijekom izrade doktorske disertacije su se pripremili, validirali i istraživali modelni stanični sustavi za što se koristila kombinacija metoda klasične biologije i različitih omiks i visokoprotočnih tehnika.
Rezultati
Po prvi puta je tijekom istraživanja AHCY korištena metoda kojom se na temelju fluorescencije dviju komplementiranih podjedinica proteina Venus s kojima su označeni proteini od interesa može pratiti njihova interakcija u ljudskim stanicama. Dokazano je da Y328D mutanta gubi sposobnost homodimerizacije, a metoda je također uspješno prilagođena na visokoprotočno skeniranje interaktora proteina AHCY. Nadalje, uočena je smanjena razina mutiranih AHCY mRNA i proteina u fibroblastima pacijenta i u stanicama sa stabilno eksprimiranim mutiranim AHCY. U istim stanicama je također mikroskopijom pokazano da mutacije uzrokuju povećanu ili smanjenu količinu proteina u jezgri stanica u odnosu na divlji tip. U stanicama hepatocelularnog karcinoma s utišanim AHCY smanjena je proliferacija i migracija te su aktivirani stanični putevi koji signaliziraju oštećenje DNA. Tijekom analize transkriptoma i proteoma fibroblasta pacijenta i stanica hepatocelularnog karcinoma s utišanim AHCY, uočena je moguća veza proteina AHCY s patologijom različitih neuroloških, jetrenih i mišićnih oboljenja, a predložena su i dva potencijalna biomarkera oboljenja.
Zaključci
Promjene razine AHCY mRNA i proteina, kao i lokalizacije AHCY u stanici koje su uočene u svih istraživanih mutanti proteina AHCY mogu biti odgovorne ili pridonositi patologiji kod oboljenja nedostatka AHCY. Prema predloženom mehanizmu AHCY ima utjecaj na oštećenje DNA i stanični ciklus. Dva potencijalna biomarkera su predložena s ciljem nastavka njihovog budućeg istraživanja u svrhu prognostike i dijagnostike oboljenja nedostatka AHCY.
Abstract (english) Introduction and aims
S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (AHCY) deficiency is a disorder caused by lowered enzymatic activity of AHCY protein due to the mutations in ahcy gene. AHCY has a key role in proper functioning of the methionine cycle in cell, therefore the lack of AHCY function causes severe metabolic disorder. Since AHCY is a single enzyme that hydrolyses SAH, a strong inhibitor of cellular metiltransferazes, it has a central role in maintaining the methylation status of the cell. Clinical presentation of this potentially lethal disorder includes a combination of muscular, neurological and hepatic disorders. Despite the essential activity of AHCY, changes in molecular and cellular mechanisms in the state of AHCY deficiency have so far been poorly investigated. The aim of this doctoral thesis is the analysis and understanding of molecular and cellular roles of AHCY and prediction of potential disease biomarkers.
Materials and methods/methodological approach
In this thesis, we performed studies of newly discovered Y328D mutant confirmed in the recent case of AHCY deficiency. Patient fibroblasts were obtained from the mentioned case, however, due to the limitations in experimental work with primary fibroblasts, we prepared, validated and investigated model cellular systems by combining methods ranging from classical biology approach to different omics and high throughput techniques.
Results
A method that enables visualization of protein interactions in human cells based on fluorescence of two complemented parts of Venus protein fused to proteins of interest was used for the first time to research AHCY protein. It is proven that Y328D mutant lacks the ability to form homodimes in human cells, and the method has been also successfully adapted to high throughput screening of AHCY protein interactors. Further, we report lower levels of mutant AHCY mRNA and protein in patient fibroblasts as well as cells that stably express AHCY mutant proteins. Microscopy revealed higher or lower amounts of mutant AHCY protein in cell nuclei in mentioned cells when compared to wild type. In hepatocellular carcinoma cells with a silenced AHCY expression we report lowered proliferation and migration as well as activation of DNA damage induced cellular pathways. While analyzing the transcriptome and proteome of patient fibroblasts and hepatocellular carcinoma cells with silenced AHCY expression, potential implications of AHCY protein in the pathology of various neurological, hepatic and muscular diseases are recognized, and two potential disease biomarkers are suggested.
Conclusions
Changes in levels of mutant AHCY mRNA and protein, as well as changed cellular localization of mutant AHCY could be responsible for or contribute to the pathology of the AHCY deficiency. As proposed by our mechanism, AHCY can imapact cellular DNA damage and cell cycle. Two biomarkers are suggested for further research and usage in prognostics and diagnostics of AHCY deficiency.
Keywords
Nedostatak S-adenozilhomocistein hidrolaze (AHCY)
metilacija
rak
sekvenciranje sljedeće generacije
SILAC
BiFC
biomarkeri
Keywords (english)
S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (AHCY) deficiency
methylation
cancer
Next generation sequencing
SILAC
BiFC
biomarkers
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:193:093395
Promotion 2017-06
Study programme Title: Medicinal chemistry Study programme type: university Study level: postgraduate Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica znanosti, interdisciplinarna područja znanosti, polje biotehnologija u biomedicini (doktor/doktorica znanosti, interdisciplinarna područja znanosti, polje biotehnologija u biomedicini)
Type of resource Text
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Open access
Terms of use
Created on 2017-07-13 05:58:08