The Y chromosome plays a key role in controlling and conducting the normal process of spermatogenesis with its structure and the genes it contains, expecialy with the genes of the AZF (azoospermia factor) region. If the deletions appear in the mentioned region they lead to disorders in the process of spermatogenesis. The most severe disorder, resulting from this, is the infertility of a man. Microdeletions are the most common cause of male infertility, althought there are many causes of this disorder. There are also significant variations in the frequency of microdeletions, both in the world and in specific populations. The reason for this is the different size of the examined population, the difference in the genetic background and the environmental factors that were exposed to each participant in the research. After determining microdeletions in males, additional tests are carried out to determine whether a couple can be directed to some of the possible assisted fertilization methods. The most commonly used methods in treating this type of couples are ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection) and IVF (in vitro fertilization). In these methods direct injection of sperm into the oocite or the penetration of sperm into the oocite in the in vitro environment is preformed. Both methods have great advantages because they allow fertilization and the induction of pregnancy in couples who did not have the chance before to concive a child. However, the methods also have significant disadvantages, which include 100% microdeletion transfer from the father to the son. For these reasons, this paper combines numerous studies of the Y chromosome microdeletions with the goal of encouraging thoughts on improving the assisted fertilization methods and potentially pointing to some specificities that would not be seen in the individual papers.