Infertility is a condition in which sexually active couples who practice unprotected intercourse, cannot achieve pregnancy within one year. Today, the infertility is present in more than 186 million people around the world, and it is an increasing health problem. Many factors, both genetic and environmental, affect the development of this condition, and one of the cases is the presence of Robertsonian translocations. Robertsonian translocations are a type of chromosomal rearrangements where two of the ten acrocentric chromosomes because breakage are losing mall arms, after which the long arms of these chromosomes are fused together. Such chromosomal reconstructions are studied by cytogenetic methods that allow insight into the chromosome behaviour during meiosis and the formation of normal, balanced or unbalanced gamete. In the case of balanced Robertson translocation carriers are phenotypically normal, but there is a problem with the desired successful achievement of pregnancy. Knowledge of the latest platforms used in preimplantation genetic testing for translocations helps these individuals during counselling and allows them to choose an adequate approach for treatment with the goals to reduce the rate of unsuccessful pregnancies, abortions and births of abnormal children.