The honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) is considered to be the most economically valuable pollinator of plants and thus directly affecting the production of fruits and vegetables for human consumption. In recent times, the health of bees has been increasingly impaired, as can be seen by the frequent deaths of the honeybee colonies. The causes of bee community deaths may vary, with the greatest mention of diseases and the adverse impact of pesticide use in intensive agricultural production. With the development of modern molecular methods, the composition and importance of the intestinal microbiota on the immunity and health of the honey bees are introduced. It has been observed that bees that are in a state of "stress" or suffering from a disease also have impaired composition of the gut microbiota. Because of the correlation between microbiota composition and health of the honey bees, an investigation of potential probiotic bacteria has been started. Several previous studies have shown that bacteria from the genus Lactobacillus added to the diet can have a beneficial effect on the health of the honeybee colony. Bacteria from the genus Lactobacillus were isolated from the digestive system of the honey bees. Isolated bacteria were multiplied in MRS broth and then added to bee colonies in the form of a probiotic sugar syrup. By measuring the surface of brood in different terms, it was observed that the honeybee colonies treated with probiotics progressed faster compared to controls. By counting the Nosema spp. spores in the intestines of sampled bees with optic microscope, it was found that probiotic-treated colonies had a reduced degree of nosemosis invasion during the beekeeping season. In vitro experiments have shown that probiotic bacteria slow down the growth of Paenibacillus larvae, which is cause of one of the most dangerous diseases of the honeybee colonies – American foulbrood. Inhibition of the growth of P. Larvae indicates that probiotic bacteria excrete metabolites which prevent growth of pathogen microorganisms. The results of this study confirm some of the previously reported results. In order to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms of action of probiotics on the honey bees, in vitro experiments with more honey bee pathogens need to be done. In order to conduct clinical studies and develop probiotic for the honey bees, experiments with more bacterial strains and on more honeybee colonies need to be conducted.