Title Monoklonska protutijela u imunoterapiji raka
Title (english) Monoclonal antibodies in cancer immunotherapy
Author Karla Selar
Mentor Stribor Marković (mentor)
Committee member Ivana Munitić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Daniela Kalafatović (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Stribor Marković (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Rijeka (Faculty of Biotechnology and Drug Development) Rijeka
Defense date and country 2023-09-21, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES Biotechnology
Abstract Monoklonska protutijela predstavljaju obećavajuću i brzo rastuću vrstu bioloških lijekova koji su jedni od najprodavanijih na tržištu. Dio su imunoterapije, koja je uz kemoterapiju, operaciju i radijaciju jedan od temeljnih načina liječenja raka. Imunoterapija se počela razvijati zahvaljujući napretku u razumijevanju odnosa raka i imunosnog sustava, a samim time slijedio je i razvoj monoklonskih protutijela. Protutijela su glikoproteini koji u organizmu nastaju iz B-stanica i njihova je fiziološka uloga obrana i zaštita organizma od patogena. Djeluju vezivanjem na antigen ili Fc receptor i tako posreduju u raznim izvršnim funkcijama – od poticanja imunosnih stanica na uništenje patogena do opsonizacije patogena i aktivacije komplementa. Monoklonska protutijela prvi su put proizvedena 70-ih godina tehnikom hibridoma što je omogućilo dobivanje velikog broja jednakih protutijela specifičnih za određeni antigen. U terapijske svrhe, ona se koriste kao svojevrsna zamjena za fiziološka protutijela kako bi poboljšala, modificirala ili obnovila napad imunosnog sustava na maligne stanice. Daljnji napredak u tehnologijama za njihovu proizvodnju i humanizaciju, poput korištenja transgeničnih miševa ili phage display-a, olakšao je nastajanje visoko-specifičnih lijekova sa niskom imunogeničnosti. Monoklonska protutijela vežu ciljane tumorske antigene s visokim afinitetom i specifičnošću te uz to imaju sposobnost inducirati protutumorske imunosne odgovore. Dolaze u nekoliko oblika, a mogu se podijeliti u tri kategorije: nekonjugirana, konjugirana i bispecifična. Njihovi raznoliki mehanizmi djelovanja pružaju efektivan medicinski tretman i borbu protiv raka i mnogih bolesti. Međutim, primjena monoklonskih protutijela nosi rizik od stvaranja neželjenih reakcija poput citokine oluje, serumske bolesti i toksičnosti za neke organe. U trenutnim pretkliničkim i kliničkim istraživanjima radi se na svođenju ovih nuspojava na minimum.
Abstract (english) Monoclonal antibodies are a promising and rapidly growing class of biological drugs that are among the best-selling on the market. They are a part of immunotherapy, which, along with chemotherapy, surgery and radiation, is one of the basic methods of cancer treatment. Immunotherapy began to develop when the understanding of the relationship between cancer and the immune system progressed, and soon after that, the development of monoclonal antibodies followed. Antibodies are glycoproteins that are produced in the body from B-cells and their physiological role is defending and protecting the body from pathogens. They act by binding to an antigen or Fc receptor and thus mediate various executive functions - stimulating immune cells to destroy pathogens, opsonizing pathogens and activating the complement. Monoclonal antibodies were first produced in the 70s by the hybridoma technique, which made it possible to obtain a large number of identical antibodies specific for a certain antigen. For therapeutic purposes, they are used as a kind of substitute for physiological antibodies in order to improve, modify or renew the immune system's attack on malignant cells. Further progress in technologies for their production and humanization, such as the use of transgenic mice or phage display, facilitated the creation of highly specific drugs with low immunogenicity. Monoclonal antibodies bind the target tumor antigens with high affinity and specificity and induce anti-tumor immune responses. They come in several forms, and can be divided into three categories: unconjugated, conjugated and bispecific. Their diverse mechanisms of action provide effective medical treatment and fight against cancer and many diseases. However, the use of monoclonal antibodies carries the risk of adverse reactions such as cytokine storm, serum sickness and toxicity to some organs. In current preclinical and clinical research, efforts are being made to reduce these side effects to a minimum.
Keywords
imunoterapija
monoklonska protutijela
rak
Keywords (english)
immunotherapy
monoclonal antibodies
cancer
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:193:266678
Study programme Title: Biotechnology and drug research Study programme type: university Study level: undergraduate Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biotehnologije i istraživanja lijekova (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biotehnologije i istraživanja lijekova)
Type of resource Text
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Open access Embargo expiration date: 2023-09-21
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Created on 2023-09-15 10:22:04