| Abstract | Cilj istraživanja: Lipokalin povezan s neutrofilnom gelatinazom (NGAL) protein je od 25 kDa, dio je superporodice lipokalina i prvotno je pronađen u aktiviranim neutrofilima. Usporediti koncentracije markera NGAL-a kod bolesnika s teškom i bolesnika s umjerenom neproliferativnom dijabetičkom retinopatijom. Usporediti koncentracije vitamina D kod bolesnika s teškim i s umjerenim NPDR-om. Utvrditi korelaciju između koncentracija NGAL-a u urinu i omjera neutrofila i limfocita (NRL-a) kao i korelaciju između koncentracija NGAL-a u urinu i monocita i limfocita (MRL-a).
Ispitanici i metode: Ovo istraživanje uključilo je 40 ispitanika koji boluju od dijabetes melitus tipa 2, neproliferativne dijabetičke retinopatije (NPDR) i oticanja mrežnice (DME) koji su liječeni na Klinici za očne bolesti KBC-a Split u razdoblju od prosinca 2022. do ožujka 2023. godine. Uzorci su obrađeni i analizirani na Zavodu za medicinsko laboratorijsku dijagnostiku KBC Split. Prikupljeni su klinički podaci o dijagnozi ispitanika te su napravljena različita mjerenja i biokemijska ispitivanja.
Rezultati: Skupina bolesnika s teškim oblikom NPDR nije se razlikovala u temeljnim karakteristikama u odnosu na skupinu s umjerenim oblikom NPDR osim u vidnoj oštrini (0,46 (0,11-0,75) LogMAR vs. 0,65 (0,21-0,89) LogMAR, p = 0,032) i CST-u (354 (281-401) μm vs. 394 (324-470) μm, p = 0,003). Značajne razlike uočene su kod koncentracije NGAL-a u bolesnika s teškim oblik NPDR-a u odnosu na bolesnike s umjerenim oblikom NPDR-a (62,5 (10,0-841,0) ng/mL vs. 377,0 (180,8-1000,3) ng/mL, p = 0,020). Koncentracije vitamina D bile su značajno veće u bolesnika s umjerenim NPDR-om u odnosu na bolesnike s teškim oblikom NPDR-a (57,0 (39,8-71,3) nmol/L vs. 42,4 (25,4-69,9) nmol/L, p = 0,006). Nije utvrđena korelacija između koncentracija NGAL-a u urinu i NLR-a (r = -0,105, p = 0,588) kao ni korelacija između koncentracija NGAL-a u urinu i MLR-a (r = -0,135, p = 0,486).
Zaključak: Usprkos nedvojbenim rezultatima dosadašnjih istraživanja, potrebna su daljnja istraživanja kako bi se NGAL potvrdio kao pouzdan i relevantan biomarker za bubrežna oboljenja. |
| Abstract (english) | Objectives: Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a 25-kDa protein, part of the lipocalin superfamily, and was originally found in activated neutrophils. To compare NGAL marker concentrations in patients with severe and patients with moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. To compare vitamin D concentrations in patients with severe and moderate NPDR. To determine the correlation between the concentration of NGAL in urine and the ratio of neutrophils and lymphocytes (NRL), as well as the correlation between the concentration of NGAL in urine and monocytes and lymphocytes (MRL).
Patients and methods: This study included 40 subjects suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and retinal edema (DME) who were treated at the KBC Split Eye Disease Clinic in the period from December 2022 to March 2023. The samples were processed and analyzed at the Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, KBC Split. Clinical data on the subject's diagnosis were collected, and various measurements and biochemical tests were performed.
Results: The group of patients with a severe form of NPDR did not differ in basic characteristics compared to the group with a moderate form of NPDR except for visual acuity (0.46 (0.11-0.75) LogMAR vs. 0.65 (0.21-0, 89) LogMAR, p = 0.032) and CST (354 (281-401) μm vs. 394 (324-470) μm, p = 0.003). Significant differences were observed in the concentration of NGAL in patients with a severe form of NPDR compared to patients with a moderate form of NPDR (62.5 (10.0-841.0) ng/mL vs. 377.0 (180 .8-1000.3) ng/mL, p = 0.020). Vitamin D concentrations were significantly higher in patients with moderate NPDR compared to patients with severe NPDR (57.0 (39.8-71.3) nmol/L vs. 42.4 (25.4- 69.9) nmol/L, p = 0.006). No correlation was found between urinary NGAL concentrations and NLR (r = -0.105, p = 0.588) and no correlation between urinary NGAL concentrations and MLR (r = -0.135, p = 0.486).
Conclusion: Regardless of laboratory findings, further research is needed to confirm NGAL as a reliable and relevant biomarker for kidney disease. |
