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undergraduate thesis
Changes in olfaction quantified using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test: Influence of traumatic spinal cord injury on olfactory function in people—a pilot study.
2023. urn:nbn:hr:193:877385
Vidaković, Ema
University of Rijeka
Faculty of Biotechnology and Drug Development

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Vidaković, E. (2023). Changes in olfaction quantified using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test: Influence of traumatic spinal cord injury on olfactory function in people—a pilot study. (Undergraduate thesis). Rijeka: University of Rijeka. Retrieved from https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:193:877385

Vidaković, Ema. "Changes in olfaction quantified using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test: Influence of traumatic spinal cord injury on olfactory function in people—a pilot study.." Undergraduate thesis, University of Rijeka, 2023. https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:193:877385

Vidaković, Ema. "Changes in olfaction quantified using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test: Influence of traumatic spinal cord injury on olfactory function in people—a pilot study.." Undergraduate thesis, University of Rijeka, 2023. https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:193:877385

Vidaković, E. (2023). 'Changes in olfaction quantified using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test: Influence of traumatic spinal cord injury on olfactory function in people—a pilot study.', Undergraduate thesis, University of Rijeka, accessed 25 January 2025, https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:193:877385

Vidaković E. Changes in olfaction quantified using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test: Influence of traumatic spinal cord injury on olfactory function in people—a pilot study. [Undergraduate thesis]. Rijeka: University of Rijeka; 2023 [cited 2025 January 25] Available at: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:193:877385

E. Vidaković, "Changes in olfaction quantified using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test: Influence of traumatic spinal cord injury on olfactory function in people—a pilot study.", Undergraduate thesis, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, 2023. Available at: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:193:877385

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Metadata
TitleChanges in olfaction quantified using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test: Influence of traumatic spinal cord injury on olfactory function in people—a pilot study.
Title (croatian)Olfaktorne promjene kvantificirane Testom za identifikaciju mirisa Sveučilišta u Pennsylvaniji: Preliminarno istraživanje o utjecaju traumatske ozljede kralježnične moždine na olfaktornu funkciju u ljudi.
AuthorEma Vidaković
MentorŽeljka Minić (mentor)
Committee memberChristian Andrew Reynolds (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee memberIgor Jurak (član povjerenstva)
GranterUniversity of Rijeka
(Faculty of Biotechnology and Drug Development)
Rijeka
Defense date and country2023, Croatia
Scientific / art field,
discipline and subdiscipline		BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES
Interdisciplinary Technical Sciences
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a disruptive neurological condition which severely affects the lives of individuals. SCI leads to partial or complete impairment of movement below the level of the lesion and is accompanied by a cascade of events resulting in the disruption of many neurological pathways. Among other complications, one study reported that people living with SCI can experience olfactory impairment. Although smell is a sense people consider non-essential, its importance is highlighted after experiencing difficulties with olfaction. Olfactory impairment can lead to feelings of vulnerability, emotional and mental problems, and an inability to detect real dangers such as spoiled food or gas leaks. This study aimed to test olfactory function in individuals who suffered traumatic SCI using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT). UPSIT is a standardized 40-question multiple-choice test that utilizes the odour microencapsulation technology and is widely used for assessing chemosensory dysfunction. Since it is culture-specific, the Italian version was chosen for administration to the Croatian population since it did not contain unfamiliar odours found in other versions. 20 participants with traumatic SCI were tested regardless of their gender, age, levels of the lesion and extent of the injury (complete or incomplete). The obtained scores were compared to the diagnosis scale which comes with the test. 19 out of 20 participants (95%) had reduced olfactory function and most of them fell under the category “Mild Microsmia”. One participant claimed to have lost both a sense of smell and a sense of taste after the injury. Interestingly, when asked to assess their own olfactory function, participants evaluated it as very good or excellent. In conclusion, this study found that a large proportion of individuals living with SCI have an olfactory impairment and that the majority of them are not aware of it.
Abstract (croatian)
Traumatska ozljeda leđne moždine (SCI) je disruptivno neurološko stanje koje značajno utječe na kvalitetu života pojedinaca. Ozljede leđne moždine dovode do djelomičnog ili potpunog oštećenja ispod razine lezije i popraćene su kaskadom događaja koji dovode do poremećaja mnogih neuroloških puteva. Među ostalim problemima, u jednoj studiji je prethodno zabilježena korelacija između olfaktornog oštećenja i SCI-ja. Iako je miris osjet kojeg većina smatra najmanje bitnim, njegova važnost se posebno ističe nakon njegova gubitka. Gubitak osjeta mirisa može dovesti do osjećaja ranjivosti, emocionalnih i psihičkih problema, kao i do nemogućnosti prepoznavanja stvarnih opasnosti poput pokvarene hrane ili curenja plina. Cilj ovog rada bio je testirati olfaktornu funkciju u pojedinaca koji su pretrpjeli traumatsku ozljedu leđne moždine pomoću Testa za identifikaciju mirisa Sveučilišta u Pennsylvaniji (UPSIT). UPSIT je široko primjenjivani standardizirani test od 40 pitanja s 4 ponuđena odgovora razvijen za procjenu kemosenzorne disfunkcije i temelji se na tehnologiji mikroenkapsulacije. Budući da postoje kulturno-specifične verzije istog testa, za testiranje je odabrana talijanska verzija jer nije sadržavala mirise nepoznate hrvatskoj populaciji. 20 ispitanika s traumatskom ozljedom leđne moždine testirano je neovisno o njihovom spolu, dobi, razini lezije i kompletnosti ozljede (potpuna ili nepotpuna). Dobiveni rezultati uspoređeni su s ljestvicom dijagnoze olfaktorne funkcije koja dolazi uz sam test. U 19 od 20 ispitanika (95%) uočena je smanjena olfaktorna funkcija, pri čemu je najviše ispitanika pripalo u kategoriju „blage mikrosmije”. Jedan ispitanik je tvrdio da je nakon ozljede potpuno izgubio i osjet mirisa i osjet okusa. Zanimljivo, kada ih se pitalo kakvom bi oni procijenili svoju olfaktornu funkciju, većina ispitanika ocijenila je svoj osjet mirisa vrlo dobrim ili odličnim. U zaključku, ovim istraživanjem pokazalo se da većina ljudi koja živi s ozljedom kralježnične moždine ima smanjenu olfaktronu funkciju i da nje često nisu svjesni.
Keywords
Keywords (croatian)
Languageenglish
URN:NBNurn:nbn:hr:193:877385
Study programmeTitle: Biotechnology and drug research
Study programme type: university
Study level: undergraduate
Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica biotehnologije i istraživanja lijekova (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica biotehnologije i istraživanja lijekova)
Type of resourceText
File originBorn digital
Access conditionsOpen access
Terms of useLicence Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) icon
Public noteRad je izrađen u sklopu projekta: „Olfaktorni deficiti i reorganizacija moždane arhitekture nakon ozljede leđne moždine" Točan naziv ustanove u kojoj se provodi istraživanje: Klinika za urologiju, Klinički bolnički centar Rijeka i Odjel za biotehnologiju, Sveučilište u Rijeci Izvor financiranja: projekt Sveučilišta u Rijeci naslova „Olfaktorni deficiti i reorganizacija moždane arhitekture nakon ozljede leđne moždine“
Created on2023-06-01 11:11:04