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undergraduate thesis
Pasivna imunoterapija za COVID-19 infekcije
2021. urn:nbn:hr:193:290040
Erceg, Klara
University of Rijeka
Faculty of Biotechnology and Drug Development

Cite this document

Erceg, K. (2021). Pasivna imunoterapija za COVID-19 infekcije (Undergraduate thesis). Rijeka: University of Rijeka. Retrieved from https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:193:290040

Erceg, Klara. "Pasivna imunoterapija za COVID-19 infekcije." Undergraduate thesis, University of Rijeka, 2021. https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:193:290040

Erceg, Klara. "Pasivna imunoterapija za COVID-19 infekcije." Undergraduate thesis, University of Rijeka, 2021. https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:193:290040

Erceg, K. (2021). 'Pasivna imunoterapija za COVID-19 infekcije', Undergraduate thesis, University of Rijeka, accessed 10 May 2024, https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:193:290040

Erceg K. Pasivna imunoterapija za COVID-19 infekcije [Undergraduate thesis]. Rijeka: University of Rijeka; 2021 [cited 2024 May 10] Available at: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:193:290040

K. Erceg, "Pasivna imunoterapija za COVID-19 infekcije", Undergraduate thesis, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, 2021. Available at: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:193:290040

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Metadata
TitlePasivna imunoterapija za COVID-19 infekcije
AuthorKlara Erceg
MentorIvana Munitić (mentor)
Committee memberNela Malatesti (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee memberIvana Ratkaj (član povjerenstva)
GranterUniversity of Rijeka
(Faculty of Biotechnology and Drug Development)
Rijeka
Defense date and country2021-09-20, Croatia
Scientific / art field,
discipline and subdiscipline		BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES
Biotechnology
Abstract
COVID-19 (prema engl. Coronavirus disease 2019) je respiratorna zarazna bolest koju uzrokuje novi humani koronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Pojavila se u Kini 2019. godine, a ubrzo je 2020. godine prerasla u pandemiju. Glavni simptomi ove bolesti su suhi kašalj, visoka temperatura i glavobolja, ali u teškim slučajevima može dovesti do respiratorne insuficijencije te kardiovaskularnih i neuroloških poremećaja. SARS-CoV-2 potječe od roda Betakoronavirusa te mu se genom sastoji od jednolančane nesegmentirane RNA molekule pozitivne polarnosti. Jedna od glavnih struktura na virusu je površinski protein šiljka (engl. spike) s važnom domenom RBD (prema engl. receptor-binding domain). Ta domena je zaslužna za vezanje virusa za domaćinov ACE2 receptor (prema engl. angiotensin- converting enzyme 2) pa predstavlja važnu metu neutralizacijskih protutijela. Protutijela su glikoproteini koje stvaraju B stanice kad dođu u kontakt s patogenima. U borbi protiv virusa naročito su važna neutralizacijska protutijela koja su specifična za površinske antigene SARS-CoV-2. Jedan od načina kojim se COVID-19 može liječiti je pasivnom humoralnom imunoterapijom. To je vrsta imunoterapije u kojoj se ljudima daju protutijela proizvedena u drugim organizmima ili in vitro. Mogu se koristiti i monoklonska i poliklonska protutijela. Monoklonska protutijela prepoznaju samo jedan određeni epitop patogena dok poliklonska prepoznaju dva ili više. Najvažnije od ovih terapija su one ljudskim protutijelima dobivenim kloniranjem imunoglobulinskih gena iz antigen specifičnih B stanica 1) bolesnika koji su preboljeli COVID-19 ili 2) transgeničnih miševa koji nose gene za ljudske imunoglobuline, nakon njihove imunizacije antigenima SARS-CoV2. Proizvode se i kokteli monoklonskih protutijela kao što su REGEN-COV te poliklonski hiperimuni serum koji nastaje obradom rekonvalescentne plazme. Rekonvalescentna plazma se prikuplja iz osoba koje su preboljele COVID-19, a sadržava neutralizirajuća protutijela protiv SARS-CoV-2. U ovom će se radu detaljnije opisati mehanizmi liječenja infekcija COVID-19 pasivnom imunoterapijom te njen značaj u znanosti.
Abstract (english)
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious respiratory disease that is caused by a novel human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. It appeared in China in 2019, and soon turned into a pandemic in 2020. Main symptoms of COVID-19 are dry cough, high fever and sore throat, but in severe cases it can cause respiratory insufficiency as well as cardiovascular and neurological insults. SARS-CoV-2 originates from the Betacoronavirus genera and its genome is made from a single-stranded, nonsegmented positive polarity RNA molecule. One of the main structures on the virus is the spike (S) protein, harbouring an important receptor-binding domain (RBD). RBD serves for virus attachement to the host cells’ angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors and is thus one of the main targets for neutralizing antibodies. Antibodies are glycoproteins made by B cells when they come in contact with pathogens. Neutralizing antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 antigens are especially important when battling SARS-CoV-2. One of the ways COVID-19 can be treated is by passive humoral immunotherapy. It's a type of immunotherapy where people are given antibodies produced in other organisms or in vitro. Both monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies are used for therapy. Monoclonal antibodies recognize one epitope while polyclonal recognize two or more. The most important therapies are those with human antibodies, which are generated upon cloning immunoglobulin genes from antigen specific B cells from 1) patients that recovered from COVID-19 or 2) from transgenic mice that carry genes for human immunoglobulins, after their immunization with SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Monoclonal antibody cocktails like REGEN-COV and polyclonal hyperimmune serum that is made from processed convalescent plasma can also be produced. Convalescent plasma is taken from patients who recovered from COVID-19 and contains neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. This paper will provide detais on mechanisms of treating COVID-19 infections with passive immunotherapy, and its significance in science in general.
Keywords
Keywords (english)
Languagecroatian
URN:NBNurn:nbn:hr:193:290040
Study programmeTitle: Biotechnology and drug research
Study programme type: university
Study level: undergraduate
Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica biotehnologije i istraživanja lijekova (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica biotehnologije i istraživanja lijekova)
Type of resourceText
File originBorn digital
Access conditionsOpen access
Terms of useLicence In copyright icon
Created on2021-09-22 13:34:48