Ribosomopathies are a group of diseases caused by abnormalities in the structure or function of the ribosome and its components and genes involved in the biogenesis of the ribosome. Characteristic phenotypes they cause in an individual include abnormalities in growth and development, bone marrow failiure and a number of other hematological disorders as well as an increased risk of developing cancer. The first ribosomopathy described and one considered to be representative of this group of diseases is Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA). Other known ribosomopathies are 5q-syndrome, Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS), dyskeratosis congenita (DC), Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) and cartilage hair hypoplasia (CHH). This thesis will describe and discuss the pathogenesis of the disease, the most significant features of each of these disorders with a focus on the hematological disorders and molecular mechanisms that cause these disorders. The most common hematological disorders caused by ribosomopathies are macrocytic anemia, irregular hematopoiesis, and in some cases neutropenia and thromocytopenia. Furthermore, the paper will focus on the consequences of these diseases and possible treatments for ribosomopathies.