Title Editiranje genoma čovjeka: od metodologije do etičkog aspekta
Title (english) Human genome editing: from methodology to ethical aspect
Author Kristina Manzoni
Mentor Nina Pereza (mentor)
Mentor Saša Ostojić (komentor)
Committee member Anđelka Radojčić-Badovinac (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Rozi Andretić Waldowski (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Nina Pereza (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Saša Ostojić (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Rijeka (Faculty of Biotechnology and Drug Development) Rijeka
Defense date and country 2021-09-10, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline INTERDISCIPLINARY AREAS OF KNOWLEDGE Biotechnology in Biomedicine (natural science, biomedicine and healthcare, bioethics area
Abstract Pojam editiranje gena odnosi se na izmjenu željenog nukleotidnog slijeda DNA molekule. Otkriće novih, revolucionarnih metoda genetičkog editiranja, od kojih su trenutno najpopularnije i najkorištenije nukleaze cinkovih prstiju (engl. zinc finger nucleases, ZFN), efektorske nukleaze nalik aktivatoru transkripcije (engl. transcription activator-like effector nucleases, TALEN) te niz međusobno razdvojenih kratkih, klasteriranih, palindromskih ponavljanja povezanih s proteinom 9 (engl. clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat – CRISPR– associated protein 9, CRISPR-Cas9), uspostavilo je naprednu generaciju alata koji imaju ključnu ulogu u molekularnoj biologiji, ali i nizu drugih biotehnoloških disciplina. Međutim, vjerojatno najveći potencijal za primjenu metoda editiranja genoma čovjeka je u medicini zbog pretpostavke da se promjenama u specifičnim genima mogu suzbiti brojne bolesti i poremećaji koji se još uvijek smatraju neizlječivima na razini uzroka. U tijeku je razvoj novih terapijskih mogućnosti, a jedna od trenutno klinički primjenjivih terapija je stanična imunoterapija T limfocitima koji su genetički modificirani kimernim antigenskim receptorom (engl. chimeric antigen receptor, CAR), za liječenje novotvorina. U ovom završnom radu, osim opisane metodologije alata za editiranje genoma te perspektivnih pretkliničkih i kliničkih ispitivanja za otkriće novih strategija liječenja bolesti, razmatraju se i etički aspekti editiranja genoma, kao i opisane smjernice za njegovu primjenu, koja je za sada moguća isključivo na somatskim stanicama. Kako bi se dostigla pouzdana razina učinkovitosti i sigurnosti metoda editiranja gena, potrebno je daljnje usavršavanje u odabiru adekvatnih metoda dostave programabilnih nukleaza u stanice te ustrajanje u razvoju pouzdanijeg in vivo editiranja, a ponajviše u donošenju etičkih i pravnih okvira za razumno, svrsishodno i nemanipulativno korištenje editiranja genoma.
Abstract (english) The term gene editing refers to the modification of the desired nucleotide sequence of a DNA molecule. Discovery of new, revolutionary methods of genetic editing, of which the most popular and most used are zinc finger nucleases (ZFN), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat – CRISPR–associated protein 9, (CRISPR-Cas9), has established an advanced generation of tools that play a key role in molecular biology, as well as a number of other biotechnological disciplines. However, probably the greatest potential for the application of human genome editing methods is medicine due to the assumption that changes in specific genes can suppress a number of diseases and disorders that are still considered incurable at the cause level. New therapeutic options are being developed, and one of the currently clinically applicable therapies is cellular immunotherapy that uses T lymphocytes that are genetically modified by the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), for the treatment of neoplasms. In this undergraduate thesis, in addition to the described methodology of genome editing tools and perspective preclinical and clinical trials for the discovery of new treatment strategies, the ethical aspects of genome editing are discussed, as well as the described guidelines for its application, which is currently possible only on somatic cells. In order to achieve a reliable level of efficiency and safety of the gene editing methods, further improvement in the selection of adequate methods for delivering programmable endonucleases to cells is needed, but also persistence in the development of more reliable in vivo editing and in adopting ethical and legal frameworks for the reasonable, purposeful and non-manipulative use of genome editing.
Keywords
editiranje genoma čovjeka
CRISPR – Cas9
TALEN
ZFN
etički aspekti
Keywords (english)
human genome editing
CRISPR - Cas9
TALEN
ZFN
ethical aspects
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:193:518197
Study programme Title: Biotechnology and drug research Study programme type: university Study level: undergraduate Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biotehnologije i istraživanja lijekova (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biotehnologije i istraživanja lijekova)
Type of resource Text
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Open access
Terms of use
Created on 2021-09-07 14:27:04