Title Najnovije strategije u razvoju terapija za liječenje ozljeda živčanog tkiva Title (english) The most recent strategies in the development of therapies for the treatment of nerve tissue injuries Author Antonela Hršak Mentor prof. dr. sc. Miranda Mladinić Pejatović (mentor) Committee member doc. dr. sc. Jelena Ban (predsjednik povjerenstva) Granter University of Rijeka Defense date and country 2019-07-30, Croatia Scientific / art field, BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES Abstract Ozljeda leđne moždine (eng. spinal cord injury, SCI) predstavlja jednu od najtežih neuroloških ozljeda, kronično i razarajuće stanje koje uzrokuje motoričke, osjetilne i socijalne poremećaje koji ugrožavaju život pacijenta i njegove okoline. Osim što se još uvijek tretira simptomatski, trenutne mogućnosti liječenja SCI-a uključuju i kirurške zahvate, rehabilitacijsku njegu, stabilizaciju i dekompresiju leđne moždine. Štoviše, nakon što je SCI prepoznata kao globalni problem kontinuiranog godišnjeg rasta, znanstvenici ulažu velike napore u razvoj novijih strategija liječenja ozljeda leđne moždine. Razvijaju se noviji terapijski pristupi, uključujući staničnu terapiju neuralnim matičnim stanicama (eng. neural stem cells, NSC), relevantnim u regenerativne svrhe pri promicanju i ponovnom uspostavljanju sinaptičke neuralne povezanosti i potpore. Nadalje, došlo je i do značajnog napretka u razumijevanju fizioloških, biokemijskih, molekularnih i staničnih promjena i složenosti patofiziologije SCI-a što u konačnici rezultira razvijanjem brojnih pretkliničkih životinjskih modela u svrhu rekapituliranja primarnih ili sekundarnih ozljeda leđne moždine. Uzimajući u obzir inhibitorno okruženje i nepravilnosti u aksonalnim spojevima nakon povrede leđne moždine, koji uvelike utječu na regeneraciju oštećenih neuronskih funkcija i tkiva, znanstvenici ističu važnost regenerativnih biomaterijala koji mogu ispuniti šupljine na mjestu ozljeda leđne moždine, dostaviti učinkovite lijekove i omogućiti adsorptivnost transplantiranih stanica ili stanica domaćina. U ovom radu predstavljena su dosadašnja istraživanja i noviji pristupi u liječenju ozljeda leđne moždine, opisani su neurološki ishodi SCI-a u ljudi, stanične terapije i pristupi. Rad je napisan u svrhu prikupljanja opsežnih i najnovijih znanstvenih otkrića koja bi mogla pružiti obećavajući uvid u potpuno razjašnjenje molekularnih mehanizama i patofiziologije SCI-a i otkrivanju relevantnih i učinkovitih terapija za liječenje iste. Integriranje dosadašnjih metoda liječenja u SCI pacijenata opisanih u brojnim znanstvenim radovima sa terapijom neuralnim matičnim stanicama predstavlja jednu od perspektivnijih budućih strategija u izlječenju ozljeda živčanog tkiva leđne moždine.
Abstract (english) Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the most serious neurological injuries, chronic and destructive condition that causes motor, sensory and social disturbances to the life of the patient and his or her environment. In addition to symptomatic treatment, the current possibilities for curing spinal cord injuries include surgical interventions, rehabilitative care, stabilization and decompression of the spinal cord. Moreover, since SCI is recognized as a global problem with continuous annual growth, scientists are investing hardly in developing new strategies for treating spinal cord injuries. Newer therapeutic approaches are being developed, including cell therapy using neural stem cell (NSCs), relevant for regenerative purposes in promoting and re-establishing synaptic neural linkages and support. Furthermore, significant progress has been made in understanding the physiological, biochemical, molecular and cellular changes and complexity of SCI pathophysiology, which ultimately results in the development of numerous preclinical animal models for the recapitulation of spinal cord injuries, both primary and secondary. Taking into account the inhibitory environment and irregular linkage in axonal compounds after SCI, which greatly affects the regeneration of impaired neuronal functions and tissues, scientists emphasize the importance of regenerative biomaterials that can fill cavities at the site of the spinal cord injury, deliver effective medications and allow the adsorption of transplanted cells or host cells. This paper presents current research and new approaches to the treatment of SCI, described neurological outcomes of SCI in humans, cell therapies and approaches for the purpose of collecting extensive and recent scientific discoveries that could provide a promising insight into the complete clarification of molecular mechanisms and pathophysiology of the SCI and the detection of relevant and effective therapies for treating it. The integration of the current methods of treatment in SCI patients described in numerous scientific papers with neural stem cell therapy is one of the most prospective strategies for curing spinal cord injury.
Keywords
ozljeda leđne moždine
neuralne matične stanice
biomaterijali
životinjski modeli
neuroregeneracija
Keywords (english)
spinal cord injury
neural stem cells
biomaterials
animal models
neuroregeneration
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:193:734602 Study programme Title: Biotechnology and drug research Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Access restricted to students and staff of home institution Terms of use Created on 2019-09-13 18:22:57
