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undergraduate thesis
HPV cjepiva
2024. urn:nbn:hr:193:361861
Pešut, Lea
University of Rijeka
Faculty of Biotechnology and Drug Development

Cite this document

Pešut, L. (2024). HPV cjepiva (Undergraduate thesis). Rijeka: University of Rijeka. Retrieved from https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:193:361861

Pešut, Lea. "HPV cjepiva." Undergraduate thesis, University of Rijeka, 2024. https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:193:361861

Pešut, Lea. "HPV cjepiva." Undergraduate thesis, University of Rijeka, 2024. https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:193:361861

Pešut, L. (2024). 'HPV cjepiva', Undergraduate thesis, University of Rijeka, accessed 19 January 2025, https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:193:361861

Pešut L. HPV cjepiva [Undergraduate thesis]. Rijeka: University of Rijeka; 2024 [cited 2025 January 19] Available at: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:193:361861

L. Pešut, "HPV cjepiva", Undergraduate thesis, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, 2024. Available at: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:193:361861

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Metadata
TitleHPV cjepiva
Title (english)HPV vaccines
AuthorLea Pešut
MentorStribor Marković (mentor)
Committee memberIgor Jurak (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee memberMladen Merćep (član povjerenstva)
GranterUniversity of Rijeka
(Faculty of Biotechnology and Drug Development)
Rijeka
Defense date and country2024-09-13, Croatia
Scientific / art field,
discipline and subdiscipline		BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES
Biotechnology
Abstract
Ljudski papilomavirus (engl. Human papillomavirus, HPV) je član porodice Papillomaviridae, koja obuhvaća male viruse bez ovojnice građene od dvostruke DNA. Dok većina papilomavirusa uzrokuje dobroćudne izrasline, neki tipovi su povezani s razvojem karcinoma u epitelnim tkivima. Postoji više od 200 tipova HPV-a, a 12 od njih je definirano kao onkogeni, dok je 8 prepoznato kao vjerojatno ili moguće onkogeni. HPV-16 i HPV-18 odgovorni su za približno 70% karcinoma vrata maternice i još veći postotak drugih, povezanih karcinoma. Mukozni tipovi prenose se spolnim putem, najčešće kontaktom koža na kožu, i predstavljaju najčešću spolno prenosivu infekciju. Iako većina infekcija HPV-om nestane unutar dvije godine bez izazivanja kliničke bolesti, dugotrajne infekcije onkogenim ili visokorizičnim tipovima mogu dovesti do prekanceroznih lezija i raka. Profilaktička cjepiva protiv HPV-a pružila su veliku zaštitu protiv nekoliko onkogenih sojeva HPV a, aktivirajući humoralnu imunost i proizvodnju virus-neutralizirajućih protutijela. Cjepiva koja su trenutno dostupna temelje se na česticama sličnima virusu (engl. Virus like particles, VLP), nanočesticama koje se spontano sastavljaju od virusnih strukturnih proteina, oponašajući izvorne viruse, ali ne sadrže materijal za replikaciju. HPV kapsidni protein L1 može se samoorganizirati u obliku VLP-ova, koji su morfološki slični virionima i sposobni su inducirati visoki titar neutralizirajućih protutijela. Humoralni odgovor protiv L1 proteina HPV-a je primarni mehanizam djelovanja profilaktičkih cjepiva. Robustan odgovor protutijela može se postići kombiniranjem antigena s adjuvantima koji služe kako bi se povećala imunogenost cjepiva. Cjepiva protiv HPV-a predstavljaju veliki napredak u borbi protiv bolesti povezanih s ovim virusom. Nastavak istraživanja i cijepljenje ključni su za poboljšanje zdravstvenih ishoda. Rezultati u Hrvatskoj ukazuju na potrebu povećanja stope cijepljenja protiv HPV-a podizanjem svijesti o učinkovitosti cjepiva i provođenjem strategija za poboljšanje dostupnosti cijepljenja.
Abstract (english)
Human papillomavirus (HPV) belongs to the Papillomaviridae family, a group of small, non-enveloped viruses composed of double-stranded DNA. While most papillomaviruses cause benign growths, certain types are associated with the development of carcinomas in epithelial tissues. There are over 200 types of HPV, with 12 defined as oncogenic and 8 recognized as probably oncogenic. About 70% of cervical cancers are caused by HPV-16 and HPV-18, and they also have a greater influence on other related cancers. Mucosal types are transmitted sexually, most commonly through skin-to-skin contact, and represent the most common sexually transmitted infection. While most HPV infections resolve on their own within two years without causing any health issues, infections that persist with high-risk or cancer causing types can result in precancerous changes and eventually cancer. Prophylactic HPV vaccines have offered protection against various cancer-causing strains of HPV by stimulating humoral immunity and inducing the production of antibodies that neutralize the virus. Currently available vaccines are made using virus-like particles (VLPs), which are nanoparticles that spontaneously assemble from viral structural proteins, resembling real viruses but without replication material. The HPV capsid protein L1 can self-assemble into VLPs that are morphologically similar to virions and capable of inducing a high titer of neutralizing antibodies. The primary mechanism of action for prophylactic HPV vaccines is the humoral response targeting the L1 protein of the virus. A strong antibody response is generated by combining antigens with adjuvants, which enhance the vaccine's immunogenicity. HPV vaccines represent a significant advancement in combating diseases associated with this virus. Continued research and vaccination are essential for improving health outcomes. Results in Croatia indicate a need to increase HPV vaccination rates by raising awareness of the vaccine's effectiveness and implementing strategies to improve vaccine accessibility.
Keywords
Keywords (english)
Languagecroatian
URN:NBNurn:nbn:hr:193:361861
Study programmeTitle: Biotechnology and drug research
Study programme type: university
Study level: undergraduate
Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica biotehnologije i istraživanja lijekova (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica biotehnologije i istraživanja lijekova)
Type of resourceText
File originBorn digital
Access conditionsOpen access
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Created on2024-09-11 10:44:16